Septic systems are on-site wastewater treatment systems used to treat and dispose of household wastewater in areas where centralized sewage treatment facilities are not available. These systems typically consist of a septic tank, which collects and separates solid waste from liquid waste, and a drain field, where the liquid waste is filtered and treated by soil and natural bacteria. Septic systems require regular maintenance and monitoring to prevent issues such as clogs, leaks, or groundwater contamination. Properly functioning septic systems are essential for protecting public health and the environment by safely treating and disposing of wastewater.